diff --git a/src/App.tsx b/src/App.tsx
index ba4b6ed..7835fb1 100644
--- a/src/App.tsx
+++ b/src/App.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,20 @@
+import { useEffect } from 'react'
 import { Toaster } from 'sonner'
 import { AppRoutes } from './app/AppRoutes'
 
+const SESSION_KEY = 'yimaru_session_active'
+
 export default function App() {
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!sessionStorage.getItem(SESSION_KEY)) {
+      localStorage.removeItem('access_token')
+      localStorage.removeItem('refresh_token')
+      localStorage.removeItem('member_id')
+      localStorage.removeItem('role')
+      sessionStorage.setItem(SESSION_KEY, '1')
+    }
+  }, [])
+
   return (
     <>
       <AppRoutes />
diff --git a/src/api/http.ts b/src/api/http.ts
index 3fccbc0..6e9d62f 100644
--- a/src/api/http.ts
+++ b/src/api/http.ts
@@ -109,6 +109,12 @@ http.interceptors.response.use(
       }
     }
 
+    // Backend is down (network error, timeout, connection refused)
+    if (!error.response) {
+      clearAuthAndRedirect();
+      return Promise.reject(error);
+    }
+
     return Promise.reject(error);
   }
 );
diff --git a/src/layouts/AppLayout.tsx b/src/layouts/AppLayout.tsx
index 38c74d2..113f260 100644
--- a/src/layouts/AppLayout.tsx
+++ b/src/layouts/AppLayout.tsx
@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 import { useState, useCallback } from "react"
-import { Outlet } from "react-router-dom"
+import { Navigate, Outlet } from "react-router-dom"
 import { Sidebar } from "../components/sidebar/Sidebar"
 import { Topbar } from "../components/topbar/Topbar"
 
 export function AppLayout() {
   const [sidebarOpen, setSidebarOpen] = useState(false)
 
+  const token = localStorage.getItem("access_token")
+  if (!token) {
+    return <Navigate to="/login" replace />
+  }
+
   const handleMenuClick = useCallback(() => {
     setSidebarOpen(true)
   }, [])
diff --git a/src/pages/auth/LoginPage.tsx b/src/pages/auth/LoginPage.tsx
index 518ed9e..2ac84ef 100644
--- a/src/pages/auth/LoginPage.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/auth/LoginPage.tsx
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ export function LoginPage() {
   const [googleLoading, setGoogleLoading] = useState(false);
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [googleReady, setGoogleReady] = useState(false);
+  const [fieldErrors, setFieldErrors] = useState<{ email?: string; password?: string }>({});
 
   const googleBtnRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
 
@@ -156,6 +157,16 @@ export function LoginPage() {
 
   const handleSubmit = async (e: React.FormEvent) => {
     e.preventDefault();
+
+    const errors: { email?: string; password?: string } = {};
+    if (!email.trim()) errors.email = "Please enter your email address";
+    if (!password) errors.password = "Please enter your password";
+    if (Object.keys(errors).length > 0) {
+      setFieldErrors(errors);
+      return;
+    }
+    setFieldErrors({});
+
     setError(null);
     setLoading(true);
 
@@ -309,7 +320,7 @@ export function LoginPage() {
             </>
           )}
 
-          <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} className="space-y-5" autoComplete="on" method="post">
+          <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} className="space-y-5" autoComplete="on" method="post" noValidate>
             {/* Email */}
             <div>
               <label
@@ -325,10 +336,15 @@ export function LoginPage() {
                 placeholder="you@example.com"
                 autoComplete="email"
                 value={email}
-                onChange={(e) => setEmail(e.target.value)}
-                required
-                className="h-11 rounded-xl"
+                onChange={(e) => {
+                  setEmail(e.target.value);
+                  if (fieldErrors.email) setFieldErrors((prev) => ({ ...prev, email: undefined }));
+                }}
+                className={`h-11 rounded-xl ${fieldErrors.email ? "border-red-400 focus-visible:ring-red-400/40" : ""}`}
               />
+              {fieldErrors.email && (
+                <p className="mt-1.5 text-xs text-red-500">{fieldErrors.email}</p>
+              )}
             </div>
 
             {/* Password */}
@@ -355,9 +371,11 @@ export function LoginPage() {
                   placeholder="••••••••"
                   autoComplete="current-password"
                   value={password}
-                  onChange={(e) => setPassword(e.target.value)}
-                  required
-                  className="h-11 rounded-xl pr-10"
+                  onChange={(e) => {
+                    setPassword(e.target.value);
+                    if (fieldErrors.password) setFieldErrors((prev) => ({ ...prev, password: undefined }));
+                  }}
+                  className={`h-11 rounded-xl pr-10 ${fieldErrors.password ? "border-red-400 focus-visible:ring-red-400/40" : ""}`}
                 />
                 <button
                   type="button"
@@ -368,6 +386,9 @@ export function LoginPage() {
                   {showPassword ? <EyeOff size={18} /> : <Eye size={18} />}
                 </button>
               </div>
+              {fieldErrors.password && (
+                <p className="mt-1.5 text-xs text-red-500">{fieldErrors.password}</p>
+              )}
             </div>
 
             <Button